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Equilibrium Theory
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Order
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Description
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1
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Explain what is occurring in a chemical reaction, including bonding and energy changes.
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2
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Define the reversibility of reactions.
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3
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Discuss the underlying concepts of endothermic and exothermic reactions.
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4
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Define the role of enthalpy and entropy in these reaction types.
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Kinetics
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the concept of reaction kinetics. Summarize the primary factors that alter reaction rates.
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2
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Explain forward and reverse reaction rates.
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3
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Describe activation energy and catalysis.
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Thermodynamics
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the concept of chemical equilibrium as a dynamic equilibrium.
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2
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Use equilibrium constants Keq, Ka, and Ksp in chemical calculations.
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3
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Explain the Law of Mass Action and Le Chatelier's Principle.
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Solution Chemistry
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Order
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Description
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1
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Explain the interactive forces between solvent and solute particles in solution chemistry and the significance of these forces.
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2
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Describe the properties of electrolytes and non-electrolytes in solutions.
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3
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Specify and be able to calculate concentrations of solutions, including: percent w/w, percent w/v, molarity, and molality.
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4
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Explain the concept of colligative properties and calculate changes in their values based on solute concentrations, including the effects of ionic solutes and van't Hoff factors where appropriate.
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5
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Describe osmosis and reverse osmosis.
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6
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Illustrate osmosis and reverse osmosis.
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Acid-Base Theory
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Order
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Description
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1
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Define acid, base, and neutralization in terms of the Arrhenius theory and Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory.
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2
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Apply thermodynamic equilibrium theory to acid-base dissociation.
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3
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Apply the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory to identify conjugate acid-base pairs in neutralization reactions.
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4
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Write balanced molecular equations, total ionic equations, and net ionic equations for neutralization reactions of acids and bases to form salts.
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5
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Perform calculations for titrations and neutralizations.
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6
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Perform calculations involving pH and pOH.
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7
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Define an acid-base buffer system. Relate to Le Chatelier's Principle.
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8
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Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate the pH of a buffer.
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Electrochemistry
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Order
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Description
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1
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Show and be able to write oxidation and reduction half reactions and overall redox reactions.
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2
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Describe and understand the construction of a simple voltaic cell from half-cells and a salt bridge and understand the function of each component.
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3
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Use standard reduction potentials to identify the cathode and the anode in a standard cell, predict the spontaneity of a redox action, and identify oxidizing and reducing agents in a cell or in a redox reaction.
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4
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Relate the standard cell potential to the standard Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant.
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Nuclear Chemistry
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the processes involved in radioactive decay.
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2
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Define the major radioactive decay products: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma radiation, x-rays.
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3
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Discuss neutron/proton rations (magic numbers) and how these relate to decay.
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4
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Define half-life and calculate remaining activity in a radioactive sample.
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