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History and methods of microbiology
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the history of microbiology.
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2
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Describe microbial model systems used to study cell biology, development and molecular genetics.
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3
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Explain light microscopy, fluorescence and electron microscopy.
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4
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Describe microbial staining methods.
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5
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Explain sterilizing methods used in microbiology.
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6
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Describe biosafety levels for infectious agents.
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Microbial cell structure and function, metabolism
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the cell envelope and the cell membrane.
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2
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Describe the nucleoid, cytoplasm and bacterial cytoskeleton.
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3
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Describe surface layers, appendages and bacterial motility.
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4
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Explain the four basic nutritional categories found in microbes.
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5
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Explain microbial metabolism in the presence of oxygen.
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6
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Explain fermentation in terms of energy metabolism.
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Microbial growth, genomes and genetics
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe microbial growth and the effect of environmental conditions on growth.
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2
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Describe prokaryotic chromosome structure.
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3
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Describe prokaryotic plasmids and function.
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4
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Explain prokaryotic transcriptional units.
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5
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Explain promoter recognition and transcriptional transcription.
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6
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Explain microbial transformation, conjugation and transduction.
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Microbial ecology and symbiosis
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe the role of microbes in biogeochemistry.
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2
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Describe microbial habitats.
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3
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Describe minimal conditions for microbial life.
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4
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Describe the benefits of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
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5
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Describe microbial symbiosis in ruminant animals.
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6
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Describe the mutualistic associations of bioluminescent bacteria with deep-see fish.
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Microbial systematics
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Order
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Description
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1
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Explain evolutionary diversification in the microbes based on chemical and molecular evidence.
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2
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Explain how the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence is used for phylogeny reconstruction.
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3
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Explain how close relationships are measured using DNA-DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) hybridization.
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4
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Describe the universal phylogenetic tree.
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5
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Explain the concept of a prokaryotic species.
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Interactions of humans and microbes: disease and exploitation
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Order
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Description
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1
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Describe constitutive host defenses against infection.
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2
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Describe inducible (adaptive) host defenses.
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3
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Describe the human immune system and humoral immunity.
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4
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Describe microbial pathogenesis in terms of toxigenicity and invasiveness.
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5
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Explain how human disease is studied and documented using epidemiology.
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6
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Describe human exploitation of microbes in the food industry, microbial production, wastewater treatment and biocontrol.
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